What is the OECD’s Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF)?
The Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) is a global tax transparency standard developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It requires crypto-asset service providers, like exchanges, brokers, and certain wallet providers, to collect and report customer information to tax authorities. This information is then shared across jurisdictions under international agreements, similar to how the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) works for traditional financial accounts.
The EU implemented CARF with DAC8, and other OECD members have implemented or are implementing it with their own national laws.
Who is affected by CARF?
CARF applies to:
Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs): including exchanges, brokers, dealers, and certain wallet or payment providers.
Individual and institutional clients who use these services to trade, invest, or transfer crypto assets.
If you are our client, we may need to collect additional information (for example: tax residency(ies) and TIN(s)) and report certain transactions to tax authorities.
What do I need to do as a client?
You may be asked to:
Provide or update your tax residency details (via self-certification forms).
Confirm your Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN).
Keep your information current if you move jurisdictions or change your tax status.
Confirm your Place of birth.
(Re)Confirm your address.
Upload documents to confirm the above information, where we cannot extract it from existing, in date documents.
Warning: If you don’t provide your tax information when asked, your account may be restricted after a certain period. You’ll still be able to withdraw your funds, but you may not be able to continue trading until you provide the required information.
How do I find my TIN?
Your TIN (Tax Identification Number) is usually found on your National ID, Passport, or official tax documents (like a tax return or assessment). Common examples include:
Germany: Steuer-ID or IDNR(11 digits) - for example, 99999999999
France: Numéro fiscal (13 digits) - for example, 1234567890123
Italy: Codice Fiscale (16 characters) - for example, MRTMTT91D08F205J
Netherlands: BSN (9 digits) - for example, 999999999
Poland: PESEL (11 digits) - for example, 99999999999
Click here to see TIN formats, names, and where to find them
Click here to see TIN formats, names, and where to find them
Country | Tax number name(individual) | Typical format (individual) | Where to find TINs? | Reference |
Austria | Steueridentifikationsnummer (TIN) | Digits: 9-digit Format: 99-999/9999 | You'll find your number in official letters like the Steuerbescheid you receive from the Austrian tax office (Finanzamt) in your FinanzOnline account. | |
Belgium | Numéro National (NN) (French) / Rijksregisternummer (RRN) (Dutch) / National Number | Digits: 11-digit | In Belgium, your TIN corresponds to your national register number. Find it on: Your ID card (back) or official administrative documents. | |
Bulgaria | Unified Civil Number (UCN); Bulgarian: Едѝнният грàждански нòмер (ЕГН) | Digits: 10-digit Format: YYMMDDXXXC - a total of 10 digits: YYMMDD → date of birth XXX → individual serial number C → control digit | Found on: Bulgarian ID card or passport Birth certificate Tax documents Social security and healthcare records | |
Croatia | Personal Identification Number (PIN); Croatian: Osobni identifikacijski broj (OIB) | Digits: 11-digit (10 digits are randomly chosen, while the 11th digit represents the control number calculated by "Modul 11.10", ISO 7064) | Personal Identification Number appears on the personal documents such as identity cards, passports, etc | |
Cyprus | Taxpayer Identification Code (TIC) or Tax Identification Number (TIN) | Digits: 8-digit followed by 1 letter Format: 12345678X). | You can find it on: Tax registration documents Official tax correspondence Bank documents linked to taxation | |
Czech Republic | Personal Identity Number (PIN); Czech: Daňové identifikační číslo (DIČ) | Digits: 9 or 10-digit | Found on your national ID card, Czech passport, or driving licence. Also on tax returns or social security statements. | |
Denmark | CPR-nummer (Civil Registration Number) or Personnummer (Personal Number). | Digits: 10-digit Format: DDMMYY-XXXX: DDMMYY → date of birth XXXX → individual serial number | Found on: Danish ID card or passport Tax documents Healthcare and social security records Official correspondence | • Lifeindenmark.dk: Official gateway for international citizens (search for "CPR number" and "Tax card"). • Skat.dk (Danish Tax Agency): Search for "tax card as a non-Danish employee." |
Estonia | Personal Identification Code (PIC); Estonian: Isikukood (IK) | Digits: 11-digit Format: XYYMMDDZZZQ | Found on: Estonian ID card or passport Tax documents Healthcare and social security records Official correspondence | |
Finland | Personal Identity Code; Finnish henkilötunnus (HETU) | For individuals, it consists of 11 characters: - 6 digits - 1 character which can be + (plus), - (minus) or the letters Y, X, W, V, U, A, B, C, D, E, F - 3 digits - 1 alphanumeric character | Found on: Finnish ID card or passport Tax documents Healthcare and social security records Official correspondence | |
France | Numéro fiscal de référence (NIF) - also called numéro d’identification fiscale | Digits: 13-digit Format: 1234567890123 (sometimes shown as 13 alphanumeric characters) | It appears on income tax notices (avis d’imposition) and correspondence from the Direction Générale des Finances Publiques (DGFiP) and your personal account at impots.gouv.fr. | |
Germany | Steueridentifikationsnummer (Steuer-ID), Identifikationsnummer(IDNR) | A Tax ID Number (IDNR) is usually a 10 to 11-digit number. Format: 99 999 999 999 | Found on your Einkommensteuerbescheid, letters from the local Finanzamt, or annual wage tax statement. | |
Greece | Arithmos Forologikou Mitroou (AFM) | Digits: 9-digit Format: 123456789 | You can find it on: Tax registration documents Tax returns Official correspondence from AADE Some financial or banking documents | • Official Government Portal (Gov.gr): The process is managed by the Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE) |
Hungary | Tax Identification Number (TIN); Hungarian: Adóazonosító jel (AAJ) | Digits: 10 digits | Found on your official tax card (adóazonosító kártya) issued by the National Tax and Customs Administration (NAV). | |
Iceland | Identification Number (kennitala "KN") is used as a TIN in Iceland | Digits: 10-digit (date of birth + 4-digit individual number). Format: DDMMYY-XXXX | You can find it on: Icelandic ID card or passport Tax documents Bank accounts and official correspondence | |
Ireland | Personal Public Service Number (PPS No) | Digits: A Personal Public Service Number (PPSN) is usually 7 numbers and 1-2 letters. Format: 1234567T or 1234567TA | You can find it on: PPS card Tax documents (Revenue correspondence) Social welfare documents Pay slips | |
Italy | Codice Fiscale (TIN) | A Fiscal Code (CF) is usually a 16-character, alphanumeric string. Format: MRTMTT91D08F205J. The code is made up of letters and numbers and includes name, surname, date of birth, year of birth, etc. | Found on: health card, back of new electronic ID cards, and official Revenue Agency communications. | |
Latvia | Personas kods (PK) PVN - Pievienotās vērtības nodoklis | 11 digits: 999999-99999 Format: DDMMYY-XXXXX (date of birth + 5-digit individual number). | Found on: Latvian ID card, passport, birth certificate, and official government documents. | |
Lithuania | Personal Code; Lithuanian: Asmens kodas (a. k.) | Format: YYYYMMDD-XXXXX (date of birth + 5-digit individual number). | You can find it on: Lithuanian ID card or passport Birth certificate Official government documents Tax or social security documents | |
Luxembourg | National Identification Number (Matricule) or Individual National Identifier (NI) or Numéro d'identification national | Digits: 13-digit Format: 1234567890123. This is the format of the Matricule. | Found on your Social Security Card and official administrative correspondence. | • Official Tax Authority: Administration des contributions directes (ACD) (Look for sections on registration or tax cards). |
Malta | Maltese Nationals: Identity Card Number (ID No.) Non-Maltese Nationals/Residents: Taxpayer Reference Number (TRN) | Maltese Nationals: 8 characters (7 digits followed by 1 letter, for example, 1234567M). This number is the same as the ID card number. Non-Maltese Nationals/Residents: 9 digits (for example, 999999999). This number is issued upon tax registration. | ID No.: On your Maltese identity card. TRN: Issued by the Commissioner for Revenue Malta; appears on official tax documents, notices, and correspondence. The TRN is required for filing taxes, opening bank accounts, and other official transactions in Malta | |
Netherlands | Citizen service number (BSN) | A Tax ID Number (BSN) is usually a 9-digit number. | Found on your passport (back), identity card (top right), or driver’s license. | |
Norway | Fødselsnummer (FN) or National Identity Number | Digits: 11-digit | You can find it on: Norwegian ID card or passport Tax documents Social security documents Bank or government correspondence | |
Poland | National Identification Number; Polish: Powszechny Elektroniczny System Ewidencji Ludności (PESEL) | Digits: 11-digit Format: 99999999999 | Found on your national ID card, & passport, . Also on tax returns or social security statements. | |
Portugal | For tax purposes: Número de Identificação Fiscal (NIF) (also referred to as “Número de Contribuinte”) | Digits: The NIF is composed of nine sequential digits Format: 123456789 | You can find your Número de Identificação Fiscal (NIF) on your Portuguese Citizen Card, on your NIF registration document, or by logging into the Portal das Finanças website. | • https://www2.gov.pt/en/servicos/pedir-o-numero-de-identificacao-fiscal-para-pessoa-singular |
Romania | Personal Code; Romanian: Codul numeric personal (CNP) | Digits: 13-digit Format: 9999999999999 | CNP (13 digits) found on identity card, passport or residence permit. Contact ANAF if foreigners need a NIF. | |
Slovakia | “Rodné číslo” (RC)-(birth identification number) is a unique personal identifier assigned to every Slovak citizen (and some residents). | The rodné číslo is a 10-digit personal identifier in the format YYMMDD/XXXX, where the date of birth is encoded. | You can usually find your Rodné číslo on your Slovak ID card, birth certificate, residence permit, or official government documents | |
Slovenia | Tax Identification Number (TIN); Slovenian: Davčna številka | Digits: 8-digit Format: 99999999 | You can find it on: Tax returns Official tax documents Salary slips Business registration documents (for companies) | |
Spain | For tax purposes, Spain uses the term Número de Identificación Fiscal (NIF) for both individuals and legal entities. For foreign individuals, the number used is the Número de Identidad de Extranjero (NIE), which also functions as the tax ID in many cases. | For Spanish nationals (individuals): Example: 12345678A For foreign individuals (NIE): Format = Letter (X/Y/Z or M) + 7 digits + control letter Example: X1234567T or M1234567A | Found on ID, driver license, or Resident Permit. Contact Agencia Tributaria if missing. | • https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/toronto/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/NIF.aspx |
Sweden | Personnummer (PN) | Digits: 10 or 12-digit Format: YYMMDD-XXXX or YYYYMMDD-XXXX | You can find it on: Swedish ID card , passport or Driving license Official tax documents Healthcare cards | • Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket): Obtainable by registering with the Swedish Population Register (Folkbokföring) |
When does CARF take effect?
Implementation timelines vary by country. The OECD released CARF in 2022, and many jurisdictions are now adopting legislation to enforce it, with reporting expected to begin in 2026 in several major economies (EU (DAC 8), the UK, etc.).
We will provide updates as your jurisdiction finalizes its rules.
Why was CARF created?
CARF was introduced to address the fact that crypto transactions can cross borders easily and may not always be reported for tax purposes.
The OECD designed CARF to:
Prevent tax evasion through crypto assets.
Ensure that crypto activities are reported consistently worldwide.
Align crypto reporting obligations with other international tax reporting regimes including CRS and FATCA.
What types of assets are covered?
CARF covers a wide range of crypto assets, including:
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH).
Stablecoins.
Certain NFTs (if used for investment or payment purposes).
Tokenised real-world assets.
What information will be reported?
Under CARF, exchanges and other providers may be required to report:
Customer information: Name, address, date of birth, jurisdiction of tax residence, and taxpayer identification number (TIN), an entity status, and in certain cases the controlling person(s) of an entity.
Transaction data: Purchases, sales, exchanges, transfers, and certain payments made in crypto assets.
How will this information be used?
We submit the required data to our local tax authority based on the exchange providing you with services, which then shares it with other countries’ tax authorities where you may be a tax resident.
How does CARF relate to CRS and FATCA?
CRS (Common Reporting Standard): covers bank accounts and traditional investments.
FATCA (U.S. law): similar law to CRS covering reporting of U.S. taxpayers’ financial accounts worldwide.
CARF: specifically covers crypto assets.
DAC8: EU implementation of CARF.
CARF and CRS will work in parallel, with some integration to avoid duplication.
How does CARF relate to DAC8?
DAC8 is the EU implementation of the OECD’s CARF. CARF is a global standard from the OECD for voluntary adoption, while DAC8 is binding EU law that mandates these rules for all member states.
Does CARF mean my crypto is being taxed directly?
No. CARF is a reporting framework, not a tax itself. Your local tax authority will obtain the reported information and may compare this against information you have reported.
How does this impact my privacy?
CARF reporting follows strict data protection and security protocols. Your information is only shared with government authorities under established international agreements. We do not share your personal data with third parties outside of legal obligations. As this is a legal obligation, your consent is not required for us to share the mandated information with the relevant authorities.